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Updated: Jun 13, 2025

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Neuroticism is associated with future disease and mortality risks.

Shuyi Huang1, Yaru Zhang1, Lingzhi Ma2

  • 1Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.

Chinese Medical Journal
|March 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

High neuroticism increases disease risk but is linked to lower mortality, especially in those with multiple conditions. Sensitivity to stress may protect against death, while depressed affect worsens health transitions.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Psychological Medicine
  • Behavioral Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Neuroticism is linked to various health outcomes, but its impact on mortality risk remains controversial.
  • Previous research often focused on single disorders, limiting understanding of neuroticism's broader health effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between neuroticism and morbidity (illness) and mortality (death).
  • To explore how neuroticism influences the progression from a healthy state to neuroticism-related disorders and subsequent mortality risk.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized UK Biobank data from 483,916 participants (2006-2010).
  • Measured neuroticism using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, creating clusters for worry, depressed affect, and sensitivity to environmental stress and adversity (SESA).
  • Employed Cox regression and multistate models for survival analysis and linear regression for immune and neuroimaging correlations.

Main Results:

  • High neuroticism correlated with 37 diseases (infectious, cardiometabolic, neuropsychiatric, etc.) but decreased cancer risk.
  • Moderate-to-high neuroticism was associated with reduced all-cause mortality after adjustments.
  • High neuroticism increased transitions to disease and multimorbidity but decreased mortality risk from multimorbidity.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroticism plays a differential role in health outcomes, impacting disease development and mortality risk uniquely.
  • Findings suggest new strategies for mortality prevention programs targeting individuals with multimorbidity.