Glyphosate and AMPA in Groundwater, Surface Water, and Soils Related To Different Types of Crops in Mexico

Glyphosate (GLY) is the most widely used herbicide globally, employed not only in agricultural settings but also in urban areas for weed control. When released into the environment, GLY is transformed into aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), resulting in contamination across various environmental compartments. The objective of this study was to assess the concentrations of glyphosate and AMPA in groundwater, surface water, and soils associated with different types of crops in Mexico. The findings indicate that the highest concentrations of GLY and AMPA were detected in soils from bean crops (GLY: 826.33 µg/kg and AMPA: 339.60 µg/kg) and transgenic soybean (GLY: 565.66 µg/kg and AMPA: 1,097.79 µg/kg). Additionally, these herbicides were found in groundwater at sites near pumpkin crops (GLY: 3.53 µg/L and AMPA: 4.32 µg/L) and corn (GLY: 3.99 µg/L and AMPA: 4.80 µg/L). These results underscore the necessity of evaluating the impact of glyphosate and regulating its use, as surface and groundwater sources are utilized for human consumption.