Optimal satellite selection using quantum convolutional autoencoder for low-cost GNSS receiver applications

The increasing reliance on global navigation satellite systems for diverse applications necessitates the development of efficient satellite selection methods to optimize positioning accuracy and system performance. In particular, low-cost global navigation satellite systems receivers face challenges in managing data from multiple visible satellites, often resulting in suboptimal performance due to high geometric dilution of precision values. Effective satellite selection is crucial for improving the accuracy and reliability of positioning solutions in these systems. Quantum computing and machine learning provide promising solutions by using data patterns for complex optimization problems. This work proposes the quantum convolutional autoencoder-based optimal satellite selection method. This new satellite selection method examined the data collected from the receiver located at latitude 16.33° N and longitude 80.62° E, collected on March 10, 2022. The main aim is to enhance the performance of low-cost receivers by minimizing the geometric dilution of precision values and optimizing the tetrahedron volume function. Quantum convolutional autoencoders process the satellite data to balance the navigational solution's computational burden and the navigational algorithm's accuracy. The model aims to identify the most optimal satellites for positioning by setting geometric dilution of precision as the cost function. The QCAE-based method achieves a CEP of 1.384 m and SEP of 1.759 m for four selected satellites, compared to 5.937 m and 6.691 m for PSOSSM. For nine satellites, QCAE achieves a CEP of 1.287 m and SEP of 1.713 m, while PSOSSM results in 5.725 m and 6.385 m, respectively. Additionally, QCAE reduces computations by over 64%, requiring 730 multiplications and 713 additions, compared to 2034 multiplications and 2017 additions for all visible satellites. This proposed approach provides the optimal navigation solution for cost-effective implementations in a real-time environment. This research provides new insights into satellite selection strategies using machine learning approaches.