Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

45.9K
Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
45.9K
DNA Packaging00:58

DNA Packaging

94.6K
Overview
94.6K
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

17.0K
Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
17.0K
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

6.1K
The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
6.1K
The Nucleosome01:19

The Nucleosome

3.9K
Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...
3.9K
Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

16.4K
Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
16.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Next-Generation Barcoding for Single-Cell Omics.

Analytical chemistry·2025
Same author

OmicsCam Enables Trimodal Profiling of Mitochondrial Genome Editing.

Analytical chemistry·2025
Same author

Permeability-Engineered Compartmentalization System Promises Next-Generation Single-Cell Analysis.

Analytical chemistry·2024
Same author

Harnessing HetHydrogel: A Universal Platform to Dropletize Single-Cell Multiomics.

Small methods·2024
Same author

CSBF/C10orf99, a novel potential cytokine, inhibits colon cancer cell growth through inducing G1 arrest.

Scientific reports·2014
Same author

V‑set and transmembrane domain‑containing 1 is silenced in human hematopoietic malignancy cell lines with promoter methylation and has inhibitory effects on cell growth.

Molecular medicine reports·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

A Faster, High Resolution, mtPA-GFP-based Mitochondrial Fusion Assay Acquiring Kinetic Data of Multiple Cells in Parallel Using Confocal Microscopy
10:45

A Faster, High Resolution, mtPA-GFP-based Mitochondrial Fusion Assay Acquiring Kinetic Data of Multiple Cells in Parallel Using Confocal Microscopy

Published on: July 20, 2012

16.5K

Expanding the Dimensions of Single-Cell Multi-Omics To Include Mitochondrial DNA through Fixation and

Ting Li1, Zhenglong Gu2,3, Guoqiang Zhou4,2

  • 1Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.

Analytical Chemistry
|March 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Incorporating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into single-cell multi-omics is now feasible. New methods preserve sample integrity and mtDNA, enabling simultaneous analysis of mitochondrial mutations and cellular states for deeper biological insights.

More Related Videos

Measuring Single-Cell Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Heteroplasmy Using Digital Droplet Polymerase Chain Reaction
09:15

Measuring Single-Cell Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Heteroplasmy Using Digital Droplet Polymerase Chain Reaction

Published on: July 12, 2022

4.5K
Author Spotlight: High-Throughput Image-Based Quantification of Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis and Distribution
10:47

Author Spotlight: High-Throughput Image-Based Quantification of Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis and Distribution

Published on: May 5, 2023

2.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

A Faster, High Resolution, mtPA-GFP-based Mitochondrial Fusion Assay Acquiring Kinetic Data of Multiple Cells in Parallel Using Confocal Microscopy
10:45

A Faster, High Resolution, mtPA-GFP-based Mitochondrial Fusion Assay Acquiring Kinetic Data of Multiple Cells in Parallel Using Confocal Microscopy

Published on: July 20, 2012

16.5K
Measuring Single-Cell Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Heteroplasmy Using Digital Droplet Polymerase Chain Reaction
09:15

Measuring Single-Cell Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Heteroplasmy Using Digital Droplet Polymerase Chain Reaction

Published on: July 12, 2022

4.5K
Author Spotlight: High-Throughput Image-Based Quantification of Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis and Distribution
10:47

Author Spotlight: High-Throughput Image-Based Quantification of Mitochondrial DNA Synthesis and Distribution

Published on: May 5, 2023

2.9K

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Cell Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Single-cell multi-omics advances cellular heterogeneity studies.
  • Incorporating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into these analyses presents significant challenges.
  • Sample integrity, fixation, permeabilization, and Tagmentation are critical for mtDNA retention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review chemical principles of fixation and permeabilization for single-cell multi-omics.
  • To highlight novel single-cell multi-omics technologies utilizing these techniques.
  • To explore future workflows for integrating mtDNA mutations with cellular state analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of chemical principles underlying fixation and permeabilization.
  • Analysis of recent single-cell multi-omics technologies.
  • Exploration of emerging workflows for mtDNA mutation incorporation.

Main Results:

  • Fixation and permeabilization are key to preserving sample integrity and mtDNA.
  • New technologies effectively leverage these methods for enhanced single-cell analysis.
  • Workflows are being developed for simultaneous analysis of mtDNA mutations and cellular states.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in fixation and permeabilization facilitate mtDNA inclusion in single-cell multi-omics.
  • Integrating mtDNA analysis deepens understanding of cellular states and mitochondrial genotypes.
  • These developments will significantly broaden the impact of single-cell multi-omics in research and clinics.