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Updated: May 22, 2025

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients

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Published on: February 6, 2021

Development and validation of the Terminal Delirium-Related Distress Scale - Shortform.

Megumi Uchida^1,2, Tatsuo Akechi^1,2, Tatsuya Morita^3,4

¹Division of Palliative Care and Psycho-Oncology, Nagoya City University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.

Palliative & Supportive Care

|March 14, 2025

Summary

The Terminal Delirium-Related Distress Scale Shortform (TDDS-SF) effectively measures distress in families of terminally ill patients. This 15-item scale offers a valid and reliable assessment tool for end-of-life care.

Keywords:

Cancer Delirium End-of-life Palliative care Terminal delirium

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Area of Science:

Palliative Care
Psychometrics
Oncology

Background:

A 24-item Terminal Delirium-Related Distress Scale (TDDS) was previously developed.
A shorter scale was needed to reduce patient and family burden.
The Terminal Delirium-Related Distress Scale Shortform (TDDS-SF) was created.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the validity and reliability of the TDDS-SF.
To establish TDDS-SF as a feasible tool for assessing distress in terminal delirium.

Main Methods:

Factor analysis was used to refine items from the TDDS.
A 15-item TDDS-SF with 4 subscales was developed.
A cross-sectional survey of 366 bereaved families assessed TDDS-SF validity and reliability using established scales.

Main Results:

The TDDS-SF demonstrated good construct validity.
Convergent validity was supported by correlations with the CES (r = -0.54) and GDI (r = -0.54).
Discriminant validity was shown by a low correlation with distress scores (r = 0.23), and internal consistency was good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.70-0.94).

Conclusions:

The TDDS-SF is a valid and feasible instrument for assessing terminal delirium-related distress.
The scale is suitable for use with patients and families experiencing end-of-life delirium.