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FAT1 functions as an oncogenic driver in triple negative breast cancer through AKT pathway-driven effects on the

Panpan Zhao1, Yuanyuan Zhang1, Yang Yu2

  • 1Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.

International Journal of Biological Sciences
|March 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

FAT1 cadherin acts as an oncogene in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), promoting proliferation and motility. Its reduced expression in early stages contrasts with its detrimental role in advanced TNBC, impacting AKT signaling.

Keywords:
FAT1PI3K-AKT signalingintegrin switchingmatrisometriple negative breast cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Genetics

Background:

  • FAT1 cadherin has contradictory roles in cancer, acting as both a tumor suppressor and oncogene.
  • Its specific function in breast cancer is debated due to conflicting data on its expression and mutation status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of FAT1 cadherin in breast cancer development and progression.
  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying FAT1's function in different breast cancer subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of FAT1 mRNA and protein levels in breast cancer tissues.
  • Assessment of promoter methylation and mutational status.
  • Functional studies (knockdown/overexpression) in TNBC models.
  • High-throughput sequencing and biochemical assays to identify signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • FAT1 is downregulated during mammary transformation, linked to promoter methylation.
  • High FAT1 expression correlates with poor prognosis in basal-like/TNBC.
  • Elevated FAT1 expression is associated with better outcomes in luminal A/ER-positive breast cancer.
  • FAT1 promotes TNBC cell proliferation and motility, activating PI3K-AKT signaling.
  • FAT1 influences matrisome genes, extracellular matrix, and integrin switching.

Conclusions:

  • FAT1 plays a context-dependent role in breast cancer, acting as an oncogene in TNBC.
  • FAT1's oncogenic function in TNBC involves promoting proliferation and motility via AKT signaling.
  • Understanding FAT1 regulation and function provides insights into TNBC pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.