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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Thermoregulation01:26

Thermoregulation

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The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2025

Thermal Ablation for the Treatment of Abdominal Tumors
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Changes in thyroid function after thermal ablation of thyroid nodules.

Song Li1, Ming-An Yu1, Zhen-Long Zhao1

  • 1China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|March 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thermal ablation (TA) minimally impacts thyroid function, with minor persistent changes in FT3, FT4, and TSH levels. Pre-ablation TSH, Hashimoto

Keywords:
benign thyroid nodulespapillary thyroid carcinomathermal ablationthyroid functionthyroid nodules

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Thyroid nodules are common, and thermal ablation (TA) is an emerging treatment option.
  • Understanding the impact of TA on thyroid function is crucial for patient management.
  • Identifying risk factors for thyroid dysfunction post-TA can optimize treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate thyroid function changes after TA of thyroid nodules.
  • To identify predictors of post-ablation thyroid dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 2,264 patients undergoing TA for benign thyroid nodules or papillary thyroid carcinoma.
  • Measurement of TSH, FT3, and FT4 levels pre-ablation and at multiple time points up to 12 months post-ablation.
  • Statistical analysis to identify risk factors for thyroid function abnormalities.

Main Results:

  • Minor, persistent changes in FT3, FT4, and TSH levels observed up to 12 months post-TA.
  • Overall incidence of thyroid function abnormalities was 5.07%, with one patient requiring treatment.
  • Papillary thyroid carcinoma cases showed a higher incidence of abnormalities compared to benign nodules.
  • Pre-ablation TSH, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and multiple nodules were significant risk factors for post-ablation thyroid dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • TA has a minimal impact on overall thyroid function.
  • Elevated pre-ablation TSH, presence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and multiple nodules are key risk factors for post-TA thyroid dysfunction.
  • Risk stratification based on these factors can aid in personalized patient care.