Anti-Racism Efforts in Healthcare: A Selective Review From a Social Cognitive Perspective

Health effects of structural racism occur on cultural and institutional levels and potentiate racism on an interpersonal level. Consequently, efforts to mitigate the health effects of racism may require intervention on all levels. The effectiveness of these approaches may depend partly on the degree to which they address the underlying patterns of social cognition, shaping social norms and influencing thoughts, feelings, and expectations about oneself, one's relationships with others, and interactions with the healthcare system. This paper aims to evaluate the current approaches to addressing structural racism (via racism and health statements and training programs in diversity, equity, and inclusion or cultural competence). These interventions work to shift social cognition, and consequently, shape social behavior in the healthcare context. Our goal is to identify ways to maximize the potential of these approaches to address social cognition to guide efforts to achieve a more inclusive and equitable healthcare system.