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    We simulated all-semiconductor photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs). Large isosceles triangular photonic crystals suppress unwanted modes, enabling single-mode lasing in wide-area PCSELs.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Semiconductor lasers
    • Materials science

    Background:

    • Photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) are crucial for various optical applications.
    • Achieving stable, single-mode operation in large-area PCSELs remains a challenge.
    • Existing designs often struggle with higher-order mode suppression.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of photonic crystal geometry on the lasing modes of all-semiconductor PCSELs.
    • To identify design parameters that promote single-mode operation.
    • To enable efficient, large-area PCSELs for practical applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a computational model for PCSELs.
    • Dynamic simulations of laser behavior under varying pump levels.
    • Analysis of photonic crystal structures with different feature geometries.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated that all-semiconductor PCSELs utilize a GaAs layer with InGaP features.
    • Identified large isosceles triangular features with a base angle near 71.5° as optimal.
    • Showcased suppression of higher-order modes and achievement of single-mode lasing.

    Conclusions:

    • Specific photonic crystal geometries are key to controlling laser modes.
    • Large-area, single-mode operation is achievable in all-semiconductor PCSELs.
    • The findings provide a design guideline for next-generation PCSELs.