Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2025

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Published on: December 29, 2016

10.6K

Combining exchangeable P-values.

Matteo Gasparin1, Ruodu Wang2, Aaditya Ramdas3

  • 1Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

Types of Chemical Reactions: Exchange and Reversible01:08

Types of Chemical Reactions: Exchange and Reversible

7.7K
An exchange reaction is a chemical reaction in which both synthesis and decomposition occur, chemical bonds are both formed and broken, and chemical energy is absorbed, stored, and released.
A special kind of exchange reaction is the oxidation-reduction reaction, or the redox reaction. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one compound to another. The electrons in these reactions commonly come from hydrogen atoms, which consist of an electron and a proton. A molecule gives up a...
7.7K
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

518
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
518
Capillary Exchange01:28

Capillary Exchange

3.1K
The cardiovascular system's chief role is to disseminate gases, nutrients, waste, and other substances to the body's cells. Small molecules like gases, lipids, and lipid-soluble substances directly diffuse through capillary wall endothelial cell membranes. Glucose, amino acids, and ions, including sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, use transporters for facilitated diffusion via membrane-specific channels. Glucose, ions, and bigger molecules may also pass through intercellular...
3.1K
Interference and Superposition of Waves01:07

Interference and Superposition of Waves

4.8K
When two waves of the same nature occur in the same region simultaneously, they result in interference. Interference of waves implies that the net effect of the waves is the sum of the individual waves' effects. However, it does not imply that the individual waves affect the propagation of other waves.
Interference occurs in mechanical waves, such as sound waves, waves on a string, and surface water waves. Mechanical waves correspond to the physical displacement of particles. Hence,...
4.8K
Equivalent Couples01:28

Equivalent Couples

260
In mechanical engineering, the concept of equivalent couples plays a crucial role in understanding and analyzing various mechanical systems.
Two couples are considered to be equivalent if they produce the same rotational effect on a rigid body. In other words, the two couples have the same magnitude and act in the same direction, causing the same angular displacement or acceleration in the body.
For instance, consider two couples lying in the plane of the page, with one having a pair of equal...
260
Social Exchange Theory02:06

Social Exchange Theory

34.2K
We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
34.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A duality between utility transforms and probability distortions.

Theory and decision·2025
Same author

Uneventful COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination in a Cohort of Patients with Prior Myocarditis.

Vaccines·2023
Same author

Universal inference.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2020
Same journal

In This Issue.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Correction for Otsuki et al., Extracellular sulfatases support cartilage homeostasis by regulating BMP and FGF signaling pathways.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Hive mind: Microbial communities and the making of memory.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Targets for disease modification in schizophrenia: New findings add to evidence for the involvement of the immune complement system.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Correction for Wang et al., The role of reduced aerosol masking from air pollutant emission reductions in recent global warming acceleration (2013-2023).

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Correction for Mishra, Ecology is not yet ready for AI-and why that matters.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
See all related articles

Combining P-values, especially when dependent, is improved using exchangeability or randomization. New methods enhance existing rules for P-value combination, offering better statistical power.

Area of Science:

  • Statistical inference
  • Hypothesis testing

Background:

  • Combining P-values is crucial in statistical analysis.
  • Independence assumption is often violated in real-world applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop improved methods for combining dependent P-values.
  • To enhance existing P-value combination rules.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing exchangeability and external randomization for P-value combination.
  • Deriving randomized and exchangeable improvements of established rules (e.g., median, average, geometric, harmonic means).
  • Calibrating P-values to e-values, averaging e-values, and applying Markov's inequality variants.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated strict improvements over existing P-value combination rules under exchangeability or randomization.
Keywords:
dependent P-valuese-valuesglobal null testingmultiple testingrandomization

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange
04:51

Author Spotlight: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Published on: June 23, 2023

2.7K
Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles
12:33

Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles

Published on: February 4, 2013

21.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2025

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Published on: December 29, 2016

10.6K
Author Spotlight: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange
04:51

Author Spotlight: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Published on: June 23, 2023

2.7K
Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles
12:33

Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles

Published on: February 4, 2013

21.6K
  • Developed sequential combination methods for P-values produced over time.
  • Showed that arbitrary dependent P-values become exchangeable when randomly ordered.

    • Conclusions:

    • Exchangeability and randomization offer significant improvements for P-value combination.
    • New methods provide enhanced statistical power and flexibility in hypothesis testing.
    • The findings advance the field of meta-analysis and combining evidence from multiple studies.