Real Space Imaging of Field-Driven Decision-Making in Nanomagnetic Galton Boards

A possible spintronic route to hardware implementation for decision-making involves injecting a domain wall into a bifurcated magnetic nanostrip resembling a Y-shaped junction. A decision is made when the domain wall chooses a particular path through the bifurcation. Recently, it was shown that a structure like a nanomagnetic Galton board, which is essentially an array of interconnected Y-shaped junctions, produces outcomes that are stochastic and therefore relevant to artificial neural networks. However, the exact mechanism leading to the robust nature of randomness is unknown. Here, we directly image the decision-making process in nanomagnetic Galton boards using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. We identify that the stochasticity in nanomagnetic Galton boards arises as a culmination of (1) the topology of the injected domain wall, (2) dissimilarly sized vertices, and (3) the strength of the applied field. Our results pave the way to a detailed understanding of stochasticity in nanomagnetic networks.