Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations01:23

Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations

2.5K
Maxwell's thermodynamic relations are very useful in solving problems in thermodynamics. Each of Maxwell's relations relates a partial differential between quantities that can be hard to measure experimentally to a partial differential between quantities that can be easily measured. These relations are a set of equations derivable from the symmetry of the second derivatives and the thermodynamic potentials.
All thermodynamic potentials are exact differentials. Therefore, their second-order...
2.5K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

909
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
909
Thermodynamic Potentials01:26

Thermodynamic Potentials

749
Thermodynamic potentials are state functions that are extremely useful in analyzing a thermodynamic system. They have dimensions of energy. The four important thermodynamic potentials are internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy. These thermodynamic potentials can be expressed using two of the following variables: pressure, volume, temperature, and entropy. These two variables are expressed as the rate of change of the thermodynamic potential with respect to other...
749
Path Between Thermodynamics States01:21

Path Between Thermodynamics States

3.0K
Consider the two thermodynamic processes involving an ideal gas that are represented by paths AC and ABC in Figure 1:
3.0K
Third Law of Thermodynamics02:38

Third Law of Thermodynamics

18.0K
A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
18.0K
Kinetic Theory of an Ideal Gas01:12

Kinetic Theory of an Ideal Gas

3.4K
A mole is defined as the amount of any substance that contains as many molecules as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12. An Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro (1776–1856) formed the  hypothesis that equal volumes of gas at equal pressure and temperature contain equal numbers of molecules, independent of the type of gas. Later, the hypothesis was developed to form the SI unit for measuring the amount of any substance.
The number of molecules in one mole is called...
3.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Relativistic Spin Magnetohydrodynamics.

Physical review letters·2022
Same author

New theories of relativistic hydrodynamics in the LHC era.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)·2017
Same author

Uniform description of soft observables in heavy-ion collisions at sqrt sNN =200 GeV.

Physical review letters·2008
Same journal

Erratum: Spectroscopy and Ground-State Transfer of Ultracold Bosonic ^{39}K^{133}Cs Molecules [Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 203401 (2025)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Erratum: Lifetime of the ^{2}F_{7/2} Level in Yb^{+} for Spontaneous Emission of Electric Octupole Radiation [Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 213001 (2021)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Laser-Plasma Based Seeded Free Electron Laser in the High-Gain Regime.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Parent Hamiltonians for Stabilizer Quantum Many-Body Scars.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Properties of Heavy Cosmic Nuclei Phosphorus, Chlorine, Argon, Potassium, and Calcium: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Role of Spin-Isospin Symmetries in Nuclear β-Decays.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

8.4K

Generalized Thermodynamic Relations for Perfect Spin Hydrodynamics.

Wojciech Florkowski1, Mykhailo Hontarenko1

  • 1Jagiellonian University, Institute of Theoretical Physics, PL-30-348 Kraków, Poland.

Physical Review Letters
|March 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Generalized thermodynamic relations are introduced into relativistic perfect spin hydrodynamics, enabling consistent treatment of spin. This work is crucial for aligning spin hydrodynamics formulations and future dissipative corrections.

More Related Videos

Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel
10:03

Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel

Published on: October 5, 2018

8.1K
Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package
06:37

Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package

Published on: September 17, 2021

4.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

8.4K
Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel
10:03

Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel

Published on: October 5, 2018

8.1K
Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package
06:37

Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package

Published on: September 17, 2021

4.4K

Area of Science:

  • * Relativistic hydrodynamics
  • * Statistical mechanics
  • * Quantum field theory

Background:

  • * Spin hydrodynamics describes the collective behavior of particles with spin.
  • * Existing models face challenges in consistently incorporating spin dynamics.
  • * Microscopic calculations are needed to define spin tensor structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To introduce generalized thermodynamic relations into relativistic spin hydrodynamics.
  • * To enable a consistent framework for treating spin degrees of freedom.
  • * To lay the groundwork for incorporating dissipative effects.

Main Methods:

  • * Application of generalized thermodynamic relations.
  • * Development of spin tensors derived from microscopic calculations.
  • * Integration within the relativistic perfect spin hydrodynamics framework.

Main Results:

  • * Consistent treatment of spin degrees of freedom is achieved.
  • * A unified framework for spin hydrodynamics formulations is established.
  • * The foundation for introducing dissipative corrections is laid.

Conclusions:

  • * Generalized thermodynamic relations provide a robust framework for spin hydrodynamics.
  • * The study bridges theoretical formulations and microscopic insights.
  • * This work is essential for advancing the understanding of spin in relativistic systems.