Chondroblastoma in 28 cases: The risk of local recurrence increases with larger tumor size

Introduction: Chondroblastoma (CBL) is a rare benign bone tumor with potentially local recurrence and metastases. At present, the local recurrence risk factors are controversial. The purpose of this study is to analysis local recurrence factors in our medical center. Methodology: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 18 male and 10 female patients who presented at our hospital between 2016 and 2023. The clinical data included radiological images, histological results, treatment modalities, functional outcomes, and local recurrence rates. Surgical interventions comprised curettage, followed by bone grafting and adjunctive techniques. Furthermore, all patients were stratified into two groups based on tumor volume, with a threshold of 25 cm³, to explore the relationship between tumor volume and recurrence. Results: Among the 28 patients, with an average age of 13 years (range: 9 to 16 years) and an average follow-up duration of 33 months (range: 8 to 91 months). The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score was 27 points (range: 14 to 30). Notably, recurrence was observed in 3 pediatric patients. A statistically significant difference in recurrence rates was found between tumors with volumes less than 25 cm³ and those greater than 25 cm³ (p < .05). Conclusion: Curettage, combined with alcohol as an adjuvant, resulted in local control and good outcomes in most pediatric patients. It was noteworthy that a larger tumor size correlated with an increased likelihood of recurrence.