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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

111
Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
111
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

286
The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
286
The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

625
The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a...
625
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

249
The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
249
Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

205
The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
205

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Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
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Postmenopausal endometriosis.

Kemala Isnainiasih Mantilidewi1, Steven Ridwan1, Andi Kurniadi1

  • 1Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.

BMJ Case Reports
|March 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Postmenopausal endometriosis, though rare, can present as a large abdominal mass. This case highlights the importance of considering endometriosis in postmenopausal women due to its potential for malignant transformation.

Keywords:
Gynaecological cancerMenopause (including HRT)

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic Oncology
  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Postmenopausal endometriosis is an uncommon condition.
  • It can manifest as a significant abdominal mass.
  • Endometriosis carries a risk of malignant transformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of postmenopausal endometriosis presenting as a large abdominal mass.
  • To emphasize the diagnostic challenges and clinical considerations for this condition.
  • To highlight the importance of awareness regarding malignant potential.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a postmenopausal woman with a rapidly growing abdominal mass.
  • Diagnostic workup included physical examination and transvaginal ultrasonography.
  • Surgical intervention with total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and frozen section analysis.

Main Results:

  • Initial ultrasonography and IOTA Simple Rules suggested malignancy (ascites, irregular multilocular solid tumor).
  • Histopathological examination confirmed the mass as a right endometrioma.
  • No evidence of malignancy was found in the examined tissue.

Conclusions:

  • Postmenopausal endometriosis is rare but requires clinical vigilance.
  • It can mimic malignancy, necessitating thorough investigation.
  • Awareness of malignant transformation risk and need for comprehensive follow-up is crucial.