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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Research on Candida albicans Biofilm-Associated Prosthetic Joint Infections
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Research on Candida albicans Biofilm-Associated Prosthetic Joint Infections

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Fungal arthritis.

Ying Xi Kong1, Kok Ooi Kong2

  • 1General Internal Medicine, Perth Royal Infirmary, PH11NX, Scotland, Perth, United Kingdom.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
|March 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Fungal arthritis is a rare but severe joint infection affecting vulnerable populations. Diagnosis and treatment are challenging due to its rarity and lack of characteristic features, often requiring combined medical and surgical approaches.

Keywords:
Antifungal agentsFungusImmunocompromised hostMycosesSerologic tests

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Rheumatology
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Fungal arthritis is a rare global infection impacting neonates, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, often leading to severe outcomes.
  • It poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for healthcare professionals due to its infrequent occurrence, nonspecific clinical presentation, and difficulties in pathogen identification.
  • Limited research exists on fungal arthritis pathophysiology and evidence-based treatment options are scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of fungal arthritis, including its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on fungal arthritis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic approaches, including direct visualization and culture of synovial fluid and membranes.
  • Evaluation of treatment modalities, encompassing antifungal medications and surgical interventions.

Main Results:

  • Fungal arthritis typically presents as monoarthritis or oligoarthritis, commonly affecting the knee joint.
  • Extra-articular manifestations are frequently limited to pulmonary and cutaneous involvement.
  • Diagnosis relies on direct visualization and culture of fungal organisms from synovial specimens.
  • Effective management often requires a combined approach of antifungal therapy and surgical intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Fungal arthritis, despite its rarity, necessitates prompt diagnosis and aggressive management due to potential for severe joint damage.
  • A multidisciplinary approach integrating medical and surgical expertise is crucial for optimal patient outcomes.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate pathophysiology and develop evidence-based treatment guidelines.