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Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...

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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).

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Updated: May 22, 2025

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

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Zero-Dimensional Plastic Phase Transition Iron-Based Compounds with High T_c and Switchable SHG Responses.

Jing Wei¹, Qiu-Lan Tan^1,2, Xi-Xi Wang¹

¹Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Crystalline Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, P. R. China.

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|March 14, 2025

Summary

Two novel organic-inorganic hybrid materials exhibit reversible phase transitions and switchable nonlinear optical properties, suitable for advanced sensor and data storage applications.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid-State Chemistry
Crystallography

Background:

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials offer unique properties like phase transitions and structural flexibility.
These materials are promising for sensor technologies and data storage.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize novel plastic organic-inorganic hybrid phase transition materials.
To investigate their dielectric, optical, and semiconducting properties.

Main Methods:

H/F substitution strategy for material synthesis.
Characterization of phase transitions via dielectric measurements.
Evaluation of nonlinear optical (NIO) effects and band gap determination.

Main Results:

Successful synthesis of [C7H17NF]FeCl4 (1) and [C7H17NF]FeBr4 (2).
Observed reversible phase transitions with significant step-like dielectric changes at 401 K (1) and 406 K (2).
Demonstrated flexible switchable second-harmonic generation (SHG) effects and band gap semiconductor characteristics (2.44 eV for 1, 2.08 eV for 2).

Conclusions:

The H/F substitution strategy is effective for creating functional organic-inorganic hybrid materials.
These materials exhibit promising properties for optoelectronic applications.
The study provides a pathway for designing and tuning hybrid materials for specific technological uses.