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Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...

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Understanding the Impact of Temperate Bacteriophages on Their Lysogens Through Transcriptomics

Understanding the Impact of Temperate Bacteriophages on Their Lysogens Through Transcriptomics

Published on: January 5, 2024

New lytic and new temperate Staphylococcus hyicus phages.

Karel Petrzik¹, Lucie Sovová²

¹Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Virology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czechia. petrzik@umbr.cas.cz.

|March 15, 2025

Summary

A novel bacteriophage effective against multiple Staphylococcus species was discovered in pig feces, showing potential for phage therapy. A second temperate phage was also identified, representing a new S. hyicus pathogenicity factor.

Keywords:

Alternative to antibiotics Exudative epidermitis Lytic phage Temperate phage

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Virology
Genomics

Background:

Staphylococcus species cause significant infections in both animals and humans.
Bacteriophage therapy offers a promising alternative to antibiotics for treating bacterial infections.
Limited knowledge exists regarding phages infecting Staphylococcus hyicus, a relevant veterinary pathogen.

Purpose of the Study:

To isolate and characterize novel bacteriophages from pig feces with potential for therapeutic applications.
To investigate the genomic features and host range of a newly isolated lytic phage.
To identify and describe a novel temperate phage associated with Staphylococcus hyicus.

Main Methods:

Isolation and purification of bacteriophages from pig fecal samples.
Electron microscopy for phage morphology determination.
Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of the lytic phage.
Phage titration (plaque-forming units) to assess lytic activity.
Isolation and characterization of temperate phages from bacterial cultures.

Main Results:

A novel lytic bacteriophage (Chaseviridae family) was isolated, exhibiting a broad host range against Staphylococcus hyicus, S. pseudintermedius, S. schleiferi, and S. warneri.
The lytic phage possesses an isometric head (42±2 nm) and a noncontractile tail (114±9 nm), with a genome size of 53,660 bp containing 79 predicted ORFs.
A novel temperate phage was identified, distinct from previously known temperate phages in S. hyicus, potentially acting as a pathogenicity element.

Conclusions:

The isolated lytic phage demonstrates significant potential for phage therapy due to its broad host range and lack of harmful genes.
The discovery of a novel temperate phage provides new insights into the genetic diversity and pathogenicity mechanisms of S. hyicus.
Further research into these phages could lead to novel strategies for controlling Staphylococcus infections in veterinary medicine.