Non-zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in Western Balkan

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Entomology
• Parasitology
• Animal Epidemiology

Background:

• Ixodid ticks are widespread in the Western Balkans, acting as vectors for significant animal pathogens.
• Existing data on non-zoonotic tick-borne diseases in the region is scarce and fragmented.
• Tick fauna includes 32 species across five genera: Ixodes, Haemaphysalis, Dermacentor, Rhipicephalus, and Hyalomma.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a comprehensive review of documented non-zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in ticks, pets, farm animals, and wild animals in the Western Balkans.
• To consolidate historical and current data on tick-borne diseases affecting animal health and productivity in the region.
• To identify existing research gaps and emphasize the need for future studies and surveillance.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of existing documents, including historical records.
• Compilation of data on tick species and identified non-zoonotic tick-borne pathogens.
• Analysis of research findings concerning cattle, small ruminants, canines, and wild animals.

Main Results:

• Identified pathogens in cattle include Theileria orientalis, Anaplasma bovis, and Anaplasma marginale.
• Studies on small ruminants confirmed Anaplasma ovis and Babesia ovis in sheep; research on goats is lacking.
• Canine piroplasm research identified Babesia canis and Babesia vulpes; wild animal studies are limited, with minimal focus on non-zoonotic pathogens.

Conclusions:

• Significant gaps exist in the research of non-zoonotic tick-borne diseases across various animal groups in the Western Balkans.
• Further comprehensive studies and the establishment of national surveillance systems are crucial for understanding and mitigating the impact of these diseases.
• Addressing these research and surveillance needs is essential for improving animal health, productivity, and biodiversity conservation.