Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Comparative Evaluation of Rituximab Versus Approved Therapies in Aquaporin-4-IgG-Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.

Neurology and therapy·2026

Same author

Inter-attack serum GFAP and NfL remain stable over 9 years in AQP4 IgG NMOSD.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2026

Same author

In silico modeling of transcatheter heart valve oversizing and ellipticity, Part I: Establishing credibility of an advanced model.

Computer methods and programs in biomedicine·2026

Same author

In silico modeling of transcatheter heart valve oversizing and ellipticity, Part II: Effects on leaflet mechanics, hemodynamics, and stent deflection contributing to thrombogenic risk and structural degeneration.

Computer methods and programs in biomedicine·2026

Same author

Comparative Effectiveness of Disease-Modifying Treatments in Double Seronegative Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2026

Same author

Community Partnerships in Clinical Research: A Framework for Sustainability and Resilience.

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2025

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Published on: August 21, 2017

Is a Benign Disease Course Possible in Untreated AQP4-IgG NMOSD?

Pakeeran Siriratnam^1,2,3, Chiara Rocchi², Emily Gibbons²

¹School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

European Journal of Neurology

|March 15, 2025

Summary

Some patients with aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG NMOSD) may experience a benign disease course without immunosuppression. This suggests potential for safe treatment de-escalation in select NMOSD cases.

Keywords:

AQP4 EDSS NMOSD benign disability

More Related Videos

Human Serum Anti-aquaporin-4 Immunoglobulin G Detection by Cell-based Assay

Human Serum Anti-aquaporin-4 Immunoglobulin G Detection by Cell-based Assay

Published on: April 5, 2019

Author Spotlight: Genetically Engineered Mouse Models and Pathological Characterization of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Associated Tumors

Author Spotlight: Genetically Engineered Mouse Models and Pathological Characterization of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Associated Tumors

Published on: May 17, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2025

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Published on: August 21, 2017

Human Serum Anti-aquaporin-4 Immunoglobulin G Detection by Cell-based Assay

Human Serum Anti-aquaporin-4 Immunoglobulin G Detection by Cell-based Assay

Published on: April 5, 2019

Author Spotlight: Genetically Engineered Mouse Models and Pathological Characterization of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Associated Tumors

Author Spotlight: Genetically Engineered Mouse Models and Pathological Characterization of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Associated Tumors

Published on: May 17, 2024

Area of Science:

Neurology
Immunology
Neuroimmunology

Background:

Aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG NMOSD) typically necessitates lifelong immunosuppression to prevent severe relapses.
Untreated or de-escalated therapy in AQP4-IgG NMOSD often leads to significant disability.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the occurrence and characteristics of a benign disease course in AQP4-IgG NMOSD patients not receiving immunosuppression.
To explore the possibility of safe treatment discontinuation or avoidance in AQP4-IgG NMOSD.

Main Methods:

A case series was conducted at a UK national NMOSD referral center.
Benign disease was defined as a disability status scale score of ≤3 after at least 4 years without immunotherapy.

Main Results:

Out of 153 AQP4-IgG NMOSD patients, 8 (5.2%) exhibited a benign disease course after a median follow-up of 7.5 years without immunotherapy.
All identified patients were female, with 7 of 8 being of White racial background.
Clinical manifestations included isolated optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, area postrema syndrome, or combinations thereof.

Conclusions:

The existence of benign AQP4-IgG NMOSD and the feasibility of safe therapy de-escalation remain uncertain.
This study indicates that both a benign disease course and potential for safe treatment discontinuation may be possible in AQP4-IgG NMOSD.
Further research into similar cases could identify biomarkers to guide safe treatment cessation.