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Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2025

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping
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Aging modulates large-scale neural network interactions during speech comprehension.

Anna Uta Rysop1, Kathleen Anne Williams2, Lea-Maria Schmitt3

  • 1Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1a, Leipzig 04103, Germany.

Neurobiology of Aging
|March 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults show altered brain network interactions during speech comprehension in noise, with reduced connectivity despite increased activity in general networks. This impacts how semantic context aids listening across the lifespan.

Keywords:
AgingDomain-generalFunctional connectivityFunctional networksSemantic predictabilitySpeech in noise

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Speech comprehension in noise is challenging, relying on semantic context (predictability gain) via domain-specific networks.
  • When context is limited, cognitive control and domain-general networks support listening.
  • Previous research often focused on young, healthy listeners, leaving lifespan changes in network interactions unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate functional network interactions during speech comprehension in noise across young and older adults.
  • Examine how varying semantic predictability influences these network interactions.
  • Clarify the interplay between domain-specific (semantic) and domain-general networks throughout the lifespan.

Main Methods:

  • Used correlational psychophysiological interaction (cPPI) analysis.
  • Studied functional network connectivity during sentence comprehension in noisy conditions.
  • Compared healthy young and older adult listeners with varying levels of auditory predictability.

Main Results:

  • Older adults exhibited increased task-related activity in domain-general networks compared to young adults.
  • Older adults showed reduced between-network connectivity relative to young adults.
  • Higher predictability correlated with stronger positive coupling between semantic and attention networks, and negative coupling with control networks.

Conclusions:

  • The predictability gain in speech comprehension involves complex interactions between the semantic network and domain-general networks.
  • Age-related differences in neural activity and connectivity may reflect compensatory mechanisms or neural dedifferentiation.
  • Findings contribute to understanding age-related changes in auditory processing and cognitive control networks.