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An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing
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Age-dependent semantic interference effect on propositional speech production.

Gail A Robinson1, Thomas Hollingsworth2, Melody M Y Chan3

  • 1Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|March 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults struggle with verbal communication in noisy settings due to increased semantic interference. Enhancing inhibitory control may help maintain social engagement in later life.

Keywords:
AgeingConnected speechNeuropsychologyPropositionSemantic interference

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Older adults often experience difficulties in verbal communication, especially in noisy environments.
  • The specific cognitive mechanisms underlying age-related decline in communication under distraction are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of semantic distractors on propositional speech production in younger and older adults.
  • To identify cognitive processes associated with age-related differences in speech production under distraction.

Main Methods:

  • A novel propositional speech production paradigm was used, incorporating semantic distractors of varying relatedness.
  • Participants included 30 younger (mean age 22.23) and 27 older adults (mean age 75.31), matched for non-verbal intelligence.
  • Cognitive functions were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and neuropsychological tests.

Main Results:

  • Older adults showed poorer performance in executive functions, including interference control and verbal response suppression.
  • A significant semantic interference effect was observed in older adults during propositional speech production, particularly with concrete distractors.
  • Longer response latencies in the speech task correlated with deficits in verbal response suppression.

Conclusions:

  • Semantic interference significantly impacts propositional speech production in older adults, contributing to communication challenges in distracting environments.
  • Cognitive interventions targeting inhibitory control could improve communication abilities and social engagement for older adults.