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Neural tissue hypersensitivity in psychiatric disorders with immunologic features.

B D Janković

    Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
    |August 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study found that delayed hypersensitivity reactions to neural antigens like S-100 protein are common in various psychiatric disorders. These findings suggest a role for cell-mediated immunity in the development of these conditions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Immunology
    • Psychiatry

    Background:

    • The pathogenesis of many psychiatric disorders remains incompletely understood.
    • The role of immune system dysregulation in neurological and psychiatric conditions is an emerging area of research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the potential link between delayed hypersensitivity reactions to neural antigens and psychiatric disorders.
    • To explore the involvement of cell-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of conditions such as schizophrenia, dementia, and depression.

    Main Methods:

    • Skin testing was performed on 1010 patients with various psychiatric conditions and 81 control subjects.
    • Patients were tested with S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase isolated from human brain tissue.
    • Delayed hypersensitivity reactions were evaluated at 24 hours post-testing.

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    Main Results:

    • A high incidence of positive skin test responses to S-100 protein was observed in patients with alcoholism (96.8%), depression (94.1%), cerebral atrophy (92.6%), dementia (91.2%), and schizophrenia (87.7%).
    • A significant proportion of schizophrenic patients (91.6%) also showed positive reactions to neuron-specific enolase.
    • Control subjects exhibited very low rates of positive reactions to both antigens (6.8% for S-100 protein, 6.4% for neuron-specific enolase).

    Conclusions:

    • The data strongly suggest a significant association between delayed hypersensitivity to neural tissue antigens and immunopsychiatric diseases.
    • These findings imply that cell-mediated immune mechanisms may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of several mental disorders.