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Related Concept Videos

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
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Blood Transfusion01:15

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Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
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Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

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Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
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Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

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The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
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Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

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The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
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Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors01:20

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Antiplatelet drugs emerge as frontline defenders against the insidious threat of thromboembolic diseases, where abnormal clots obstruct vital blood vessels. These drugs stand as bulwarks, inhibiting platelet aggregation and clot formation, thereby mitigating the risk of life-threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and thrombotic strokes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2025

Microfluidics in Assessing Platelet Function
06:47

Microfluidics in Assessing Platelet Function

Published on: November 8, 2024

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Platelet transfusion and bleeding risk.

Valeria Cortesi1, Enrico Lopriore2, Susanna Fustolo-Gunnink3

  • 1Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
|March 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Platelet transfusions in newborns may increase risks, challenging current guidelines. New evidence suggests focusing on factors beyond platelet count to assess bleeding risk in neonates.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Hematology
  • Pediatric Critical Care

Background:

  • Bleeding in neonates is complex, with thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) often wrongly assumed as the primary cause.
  • Major bleeding events predominantly occur in non-thrombocytopenic newborns, indicating platelet count alone is an insufficient predictor of bleeding risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the role of thrombocytopenia in neonatal bleeding.
  • To question the historical practice of platelet transfusions based on platelet count thresholds.
  • To highlight emerging evidence linking higher transfusion thresholds to adverse outcomes in neonates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neonatal bleeding and platelet transfusion practices.
  • Analysis of recent studies investigating the association between platelet transfusion thresholds and neonatal outcomes.
  • Exploration of proposed mechanisms for adverse effects of platelet transfusions.

Main Results:

  • Thrombocytopenia is not consistently linked to major bleeding in neonates.
  • Higher platelet transfusion thresholds in newborns are associated with increased risks of death, bleeding, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and neurodevelopmental impairment.
  • The exact mechanisms for these adverse effects remain unclear, with hypotheses including non-hemostatic effects of transfused platelets or hemodynamic instability.

Conclusions:

  • Current guidelines for neonatal platelet transfusions require revision to incorporate new evidence and adopt more conservative thresholds.
  • Platelet count alone is an inadequate measure for assessing bleeding risk in neonates.
  • Future research should explore alternative transfusion strategies or products better suited for the neonatal population.