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Axonal RNA localization is essential for long-term memory.

Bruna R de Queiroz1, Hiba Laghrissi1, Seetha Rajeev1

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Localizing messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to neuronal terminals is crucial for memory. This study shows axonal mRNA transport is essential for long-term memory formation in Drosophila.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Local translation of mRNAs at neuronal terminals is a key mechanism regulating synaptic proteins.
  • The in vivo physiological regulation and function of mRNA localization in mature memory circuits remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physiological regulation and functional significance of mRNA localization in Drosophila memory circuits.
  • To identify specific mRNAs localized to neuronal axons and the mechanisms governing their transport.
  • To determine the role of axonal mRNA localization in different forms of behavioral memory.

Main Methods:

  • Combined synaptosome RNA profiling with high-resolution whole-brain imaging in Drosophila.
  • Employed transcriptome-wide binding approaches and functional assays.
  • Utilized a specific mutant impaired in mRNA transport to Mushroom Body axons.

Main Results:

  • Identified mRNAs with distinct localization patterns within Drosophila Mushroom Body neuron axons, including regionalized and input-dependent recruitment.
  • Demonstrated that the conserved Imp RNA-binding protein regulates mRNA transport to these axons.
  • Showed that impaired axonal mRNA localization selectively disrupts long-term, but not short-term, behavioral memory.

Conclusions:

  • Uncovered circuit-dependent mRNA targeting mechanisms in vivo within a complex memory network.
  • Established that axonal mRNA localization is a critical process for long-term memory consolidation.
  • Highlighted the importance of local RNA regulation in the formation and maintenance of memory.