Chromosome-level genome assembly of a critically endangered species Leuciscus chuanchicus

Leuciscus chuanchicus, a critically endangered cyprinid endemic in the Yellow River, represents an evolutionary significant lineage within Leuciscinae. However, conservation efforts for this species have been hindered by the lack of genetic and genomic resources. Here we reported a high-quality chromosome-level genome of L. chuanchicus by combining Illumina reads, PacBio HiFi long reads and Hi-C data. The assembled genome size was 1.16 Gb, with a contig N50 size of 31,116,631 bp and a scaffold N50 size of 43,855,677 bp. The resulting 130 scaffolds were further clustered and ordered into 25 chromosomes based on the Hi-C data, representing 97.84% of the assembled sequences. The genome contained 60.36% repetitive sequences and 35,014 noncoding RNAs. A total of 31,196 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 28,323 (90.79%) were functionally annotated. The BUSCO and OMArk revealed 97.6% and 91.28% completion rates, respectively. This study assembled a high-quality genome of L. chuanchicus, and provided fundamental genomic resources for investigating the molecular mechanism and evolution of the Leuciscinae.