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The search for a TNBC vaccine: the guardian vaccine
Cory Fines1, Helen McCarthy1, Niamh Buckley1
1School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Abstract:
Nearly 20 million people are diagnosed with cancer each year with breast cancer being the most common among women. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), defined by its no/low expression of ER and PR and lack of amplification of HER2, makes up 15-20% of all breast cancer cases. While patients overall have a higher response to chemotherapy, this subgroup is associated with the lowest survival rate indicating significant clinical and molecular heterogeneity demanding alternate treatment options. Therefore, new therapies have been explored, with a large focus on utilizing the immune system. A whole host of immunotherapies have been studied including immune checkpoint inhibitors, now standard of care for eligible patients, and possibly the most exciting and promising is that of a TNBC vaccine. While currently there are no approved TNBC vaccines, this review highlights many promising studies and points to an antigen, p53, which we believe is highly relevant for TNBC.
Insights
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor survival rate, necessitating new treatments. This review explores promising TNBC vaccines, highlighting p53 as a key antigen for immunotherapy.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Vaccine Development
Background:
- Breast cancer is a leading cancer diagnosis, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprising 15-20% of cases.
- TNBC is characterized by a lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 amplification.
- Despite higher initial chemotherapy response, TNBC has the lowest survival rate due to clinical and molecular heterogeneity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current advancements in immunotherapies for TNBC.
- To highlight the potential of TNBC vaccines as a novel therapeutic strategy.
- To identify p53 as a promising antigen for TNBC vaccine development.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing studies on TNBC immunotherapies.
- Analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccine strategies.
- Evaluation of potential TNBC-specific antigens.
Main Results:
- Immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, show promise for TNBC treatment.
- TNBC vaccines represent an exciting and developing area of research.
- The antigen p53 is identified as a highly relevant target for TNBC vaccines.
Conclusions:
- Novel treatment strategies are crucial for improving TNBC patient outcomes.
- Vaccine-based immunotherapy holds significant potential for TNBC.
- Targeting the p53 antigen could lead to effective TNBC vaccines.
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