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Association between use of medication and hospital-acquired infections: a multi-centre case-control study
1Department of Hospital Infection Management, The Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
Objectives:
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) pose a significant risk to hospitalized patients. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the use of medication and the occurrence of HAIs.
Methods:
This retrospective multi-centre case-control study included 604 HAI cases reported across three hospitals in north-west China from January 2023 to July 2024. The control group consisted of 604 patients without HAIs from the same period and same hospitals. Multi-variable log-binomial regression was performed to assess the association between use of medication and HAIs, adjusting for confounding variables. A trend Chi-squared test was used to evaluate whether the risk of HAIs increased with prolonged use of medication.
Results:
Univariate analysis revealed that the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), antibiotics, glucocorticoids and H2 receptor blockers increased the risk of HAIs significantly (P<0.05). Multi-variable log-binomial regression indicated that the use of PPIs, glucocorticoids and H2 receptor antagonists was associated with increased risk of HAIs, with relative risks of 1.37 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-1.57], 1.33 (95% CI 1.10-1.62) and 1.84 (95% CI 1.04-3.24), respectively. The period of use of PPIs and glucocorticoids was significantly longer in the case group.
Conclusions:
Use of glucocorticoids, PPIs and H2 receptor antagonists increases the risk of HAIs, with prolonged use exacerbating this risk. The use of a single antibiotic for up to 10 days is not associated with HAI acquisition.
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