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Related Concept Videos

Salivary Glands and Saliva01:23

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The salivary glands, of which there are three pairs known as the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, play a crucial role in maintaining oral health and initiating the digestive process. Positioned near the ears, beneath the masseter muscle, the parotid glands secrete saliva into the oral cavity through the parotid duct of Stensen. Meanwhile, the submandibular glands, located on the floor of the mouth, secrete saliva through channels named submandibular ducts. The sublingual glands,...
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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
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Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

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This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2025

Retroductal Submandibular Gland Instillation and Localized Fractionated Irradiation in a Rat Model of Salivary Hypofunction
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Radiation-Therapy Related Salivary Dysfunction.

Grace C Blitzer1, Cristina Paz2, Sara S McCoy3

  • 1Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.

Seminars in Radiation Oncology
|March 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiation-induced xerostomia (RIX), a common side effect of head and neck cancer radiotherapy, severely impacts quality of life. This review covers RIX quantification, pathophysiology, and current/emerging treatments for better patient management.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2025

Retroductal Submandibular Gland Instillation and Localized Fractionated Irradiation in a Rat Model of Salivary Hypofunction
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Radiation Treatment of Organotypic Cultures from Submandibular and Parotid Salivary Glands Models Key In Vivo Characteristics
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Murine Salivary Functional Assessment via Pilocarpine Stimulation Following Fractionated Radiation
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiotherapy
  • Salivary Gland Biology

Background:

  • Radiation-induced xerostomia (RIX) is a prevalent and debilitating consequence of head and neck cancer radiotherapy.
  • RIX significantly diminishes patients' quality of life due to impaired salivary function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of radiation-induced xerostomia.
  • To summarize current knowledge on RIX quantification, pathophysiology, and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical quantification methods (objective and subjective).
  • Elucidation of pathophysiological mechanisms of radiation damage to salivary glands.
  • Analysis of established and emerging therapeutic interventions for RIX.

Main Results:

  • Various methods exist to quantify salivary flow and xerostomia severity.
  • Pathophysiology involves direct radiation damage, altered saliva composition, and inflammation.
  • Current treatments (saliva substitutes, stimulants) have limitations; novel therapies show promise.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of RIX is crucial for clinicians and researchers.
  • Further research is needed to develop more effective preventative and therapeutic strategies for RIX.
  • Developing improved treatments will alleviate the burden of xerostomia in cancer survivors.