Participation of Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Scoping Review

Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) may have participation restrictions; however, there is little information about the specific characteristics of the participation of children with this condition. Given the relevance of participation as an outcome of physiotherapeutic interventions, the objective of this study was to provide a broad review of studies on participation in children with DCD.

We mapped the literature using a scoping review, through the MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science databases to identify studies on participation in children with DCD published between 2001 and 2021. The studies were selected by two independent researchers considering the following criteria: (1) studies that evaluated participation and/or constructs related to participation in children with DCD and (2) children aged 5 to 17 years. Data were extracted independently using standardised forms and synthesised after consensus. Study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).

A total of 2444 studies were initially found. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, all from high-income countries. The studies included children with a mean age of 9.7 years, and most used appropriate diagnostic criteria and instruments to assess participation with adequate measurement properties. In general, children with DCD have lower levels of participation compared to children with typical development, particularly in physical activities and social participation, with lower engagement in sports teams, leisure and low parental satisfaction.

Although findings of decreased participation in children with DCD were consistent, there are gaps in the literature regarding the understanding of home and school participation. Studies that identify contextual determinants of participation are also needed so participation can be effectively promoted.