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Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Ionic Strength: Overview01:12

Ionic Strength: Overview

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The ionic strength of a solution is a quantitative way of expressing the total electrolyte concentration of a solution. This concept was first introduced in 1921 by two American physical chemists, Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, while describing the activity coefficient of strong electrolytes. During the calculation of ionic strength (I or μ), all the cations and anions are considered. However, the concentration (c) of an ion with a greater charge number (z) has a greater contribution...
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Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

19.0K
Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
19.0K
Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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Host-Guest Inversion Engineering Induced Superionic Composite Solid Electrolytes for High-Rate Solid-State Alkali

Xiong Xiong Liu1, Long Pan2, Haotian Zhang1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China.

Nano-Micro Letters
|March 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel "polymer guest-in-ceramic host" composite solid electrolyte (CSE) using cost-effective SiO2 and PVH. This design significantly enhances ionic conductivity for solid-state batteries, offering a low-cost, high-performance alternative.

Keywords:
Composite solid electrolyteHost–guest inversion engineeringSiO2 nanoparticleSolid-state alkali metal batterySuperionic conductivity

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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) are crucial for solid-state Li metal batteries.
  • Existing CSEs often exhibit poor room-temperature ionic conductivity and high costs due to expensive ceramic fillers.
  • Sluggish ion transport and high residual solvent content limit the performance of current CSEs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop superionic CSEs using a cost-effective host-guest inversion engineering strategy.
  • To overcome the limitations of traditional CSEs by utilizing inexpensive SiO2 nanoparticles as hosts and PVH microspheres as guests.
  • To achieve high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability for advanced battery applications.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a host-guest inversion engineering strategy, creating a unique 'polymer guest-in-ceramic host' (PVH-in-SiO2) architecture.
  • Employed cost-effective SiO2 nanoparticles as passive ceramic hosts and poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVH) microspheres as polymer guests.
  • Investigated Li-salt dissociation, ion transport mechanisms at interfaces, and electrochemical performance in full cells.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an exceptional ionic conductivity of 1.32 × 10^-3 S cm^-1 at 25 °C, significantly higher than conventional CSEs.
  • Demonstrated excellent Li-salt dissociation and high-concentration free Li+ due to the novel architecture.
  • Exhibited excellent high-rate cyclability (92.9% capacity retention at 3C after 300 cycles) and stability with high-mass-loading electrodes.

Conclusions:

  • The host-guest inversion strategy offers a simple, low-cost method for fabricating superionic CSEs.
  • PVH-in-SiO2 CSEs show great potential for large-scale application in solid-state Li metal batteries.
  • The strategy's versatility was confirmed by successful fabrication of Na-ion and K-ion CSEs with enhanced conductivity.