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Plate materials for cardiopulmonary protection: a computational modeling study.

Maayan Lustig1, Yoram Epstein2, Amit Gefen1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering
|March 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ballistic protective plates (BPPs) can cause behind armor blunt trauma (BABT) to vital organs. Alumina plates with 12mm padding significantly reduce impact strain and stress on the heart and lungs.

Keywords:
Cardiopulmonary injuryballistic impactbehind armor blunt trauma (BABT)finite element modelingprotective plate

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Materials Science
  • Protective Equipment Engineering

Background:

  • Personal body armor, specifically ballistic protective plates (BPPs), is crucial for torso protection against high-energy impacts.
  • Behind Armor Blunt Trauma (BABT) remains a significant concern, potentially damaging critical organs like the heart and lungs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the protective performance of different BPP materials and padding configurations against BABT.
  • To quantify the reduction in biomechanical impact on the heart and lungs with varying BPP materials and padding thicknesses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a validated finite element (FE) model of the torso with detailed anatomical features.
  • Simulated non-penetrating impacts from a 5.56mm bullet at 500m/s on Kevlar-29, UHMWPE, and Alumina BPPs, with and without 6mm and 12mm padding.
  • Validated the FE model against experimental force measurements using a life-sized torso phantom.

Main Results:

  • Alumina plates demonstrated superior protection, reducing peak strain by 186% and peak stress by 229% in the heart compared to Kevlar and UHMWPE.
  • The addition of padding significantly reduced strains and stresses; 12mm padding resulted in average reductions of 44% in peak heart strain and 36% in peak heart stress.
  • 12mm padding also reduced peak lung strain by 38% and peak lung stress by 34%.

Conclusions:

  • Alumina BPPs offer enhanced protection against BABT compared to Kevlar and UHMWPE.
  • Increasing padding thickness, particularly to 12mm, is effective in mitigating biomechanical impacts on the heart and lungs.
  • Material selection and padding optimization are critical for minimizing BABT and protecting vital organs in body armor design.