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Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: A Rising Complication.
Saar Peles1, Roy Khalife2, Anthony Magliocco3
1Gastrointestinal Oncology, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA.
Cureus
|March 17, 2025
Summary
Cannabis use can paradoxically cause severe vomiting in a condition called cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS). Understanding CHS symptoms, causes, and treatments is crucial for proper diagnosis and patient care.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Gastroenterology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Cannabis (marijuana) contains cannabinoids like THC and CBD, used for various effects.
- Chronic cannabis use is paradoxically linked to cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS), causing severe nausea and vomiting.
- CHS is often misdiagnosed and confused with cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS).
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the symptoms, pathogenesis, and treatments of CHS.
- To highlight the differential diagnoses for CHS.
- To increase understanding of this increasing condition.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing studies on CHS.
- Analysis of proposed pathogenic mechanisms.
- Comparison with differential diagnoses like CVS.
Main Results:
- CHS presents with cyclical nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain in chronic cannabis users.
- Misdiagnosis is common, often leading to delayed or incorrect treatment.
- Emergency department diagnoses of CHS are increasing.
Conclusions:
- CHS is a distinct clinical entity resulting from chronic cannabis use.
- Further research into CHS pathogenesis is needed.
- Accurate diagnosis and understanding of CHS are essential for effective management.
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