Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 22, 2025

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
Published on: September 13, 2022
Potassium Sodium Hydrogen Citrate in Managing Surgical Candidates With Urinary Stones: A Case Series
Yahya Ghazwani1,2,3, Nasser Albogami2,3, Fahad Barayan2,3
1College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU.
Abstract:
Kidney stone disease is highly prevalent in Saudi Arabia, where conventional treatments often involve invasive procedures that carry significant risks. This case series examines the efficacy of potassium sodium hydrogen citrate as a non-invasive alternative for managing kidney stones. Five patients with complex medical histories, large stone sizes, and diverse stone compositions were treated with this therapy, resulting in complete stone dissolution without the need for surgical intervention. The findings highlight the potential of this approach to effectively dissolve stones and prevent recurrence, particularly for patients deemed unsuitable for surgery. Despite its proven efficacy, the adoption of chemical management remains underutilized in Saudi Arabia. Incorporating potassium sodium hydrogen citrate into the standard treatment protocols could reduce dependence on invasive procedures, improve patient outcomes, and alleviate the burden on healthcare resources.
More Related Videos
07:45Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
Published on: February 9, 2021
06:39Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Published on: November 22, 2019
Related Concept Videos
Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Diuretics
Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics
Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
Regulation of Sodium and Potassium
Sodium Regulation
Sodium ions make up approximately 90% of extracellular cations, with a normal blood plasma concentration of 136–148 mEq/L. A decrease in blood volume and pressure triggers the release of renin from granular cells in the juxtaglomerular complex (JGC), primarily...
Formation of Dilute Urine
Filtrate Osmolarity in the PCT
Initially, as the filtrate passes through the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), its...