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Sensitivity of specimen type for diagnosing foot-and-mouth diseases in cattle using one-step real-time polymerase
Siswani Siswani1,2, Mochammad Hatta1, Muflihanah Muflihanah2
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
Background:
Indonesia is currently experiencing a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in livestock, caused by the FMD virus (FMDV). FMDV is easily spread to cause outbreaks in new geographical locations. Identifying FMDV infection through early diagnostic testing is important to track and prevent the spread of FMD in Indonesia. The use of appropriate samples is a crucial step in a study or survey to provide accurate results for diagnosis.
Aim:
The aim of our study was to evaluate the sensitivity of relevant oral mucosal epithelial swabs, hypersalivation swabs, and blood plasma specimen samples for FMDV diagnosis using one-step real time PCR (3D).
Methods:
Sampling was carried out by judgment or purposive, namely selecting animals that showed symptoms of the disease. A total of 109 samples were collected consisting of 3 types of oral mucosal epithelial swab specimens, hypersalivation swabs, and blood plasma collected from each cow reported as suspected FMDs in 8 districts in South Sulawesi were tested for FMDV using one-step RT-PCR (3D).
Results:
FMDV infection in oral mucosal epithelial swabs (ct = 28.9), saliva (ct = 30.62), and blood plasma (ct = 37.17) compared to controls used from the Farma Veterinary Center (ct = 29.10) using RT PCR (3D gene). These results indicate that the sensitivity value of oral mucosal epithelial swab specimens is the same as positive controls, even more sensitive, than when compared to saliva or blood plasma specimens. Sensitivity depends on the cycle threshold (CT) value for each RT PCR test and should be preferred in crucial situations if possible.
Conclusion:
These findings indicate that using oral mucosal epithelial swab specimens is more sensitive to be used as superior samples for FMDV detection using RT-PCR (3D) as a powerful tool for early detection to enable faster and effective treatment.
Insights
Oral mucosal epithelial swabs are the most sensitive samples for detecting foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in cattle. This finding aids in early FMDV diagnosis and control during outbreaks in Indonesia.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Molecular Diagnostics
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Indonesia faces a significant outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) caused by the FMD virus (FMDV).
- FMDV's high transmissibility necessitates rapid diagnostic methods for effective control.
- Accurate sample selection is critical for reliable FMDV diagnosis and surveillance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity of oral mucosal epithelial swabs, hypersalivation swabs, and blood plasma for FMDV detection.
- To compare the efficacy of different sample types using one-step real-time PCR (RT-PCR).
Main Methods:
- Purposive sampling of 109 cattle exhibiting FMD symptoms across 8 districts in South Sulawesi.
- Collection of oral mucosal epithelial swabs, hypersalivation swabs, and blood plasma from each suspected case.
- FMDV detection using one-step RT-PCR (3D gene) analysis.
Main Results:
- Oral mucosal epithelial swabs demonstrated the highest sensitivity (ct = 28.9), comparable to positive controls (ct = 29.10).
- Hypersalivation swabs (ct = 30.62) and blood plasma (ct = 37.17) showed lower sensitivity.
- Sensitivity is directly related to the cycle threshold (CT) value in RT-PCR testing.
Conclusions:
- Oral mucosal epithelial swabs are superior samples for FMDV detection via RT-PCR.
- Utilizing the most sensitive sample type enhances early FMDV diagnosis, facilitating prompt and effective disease management.
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