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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
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Updated: May 22, 2025

Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia
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An Evaluation of a Pharmacist-Driven Sleep Promotion Program.

Alyssa M Castillo1, Asha L Tata2, Hyunuk Seung3

  • 1Texas A&M Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Kingsville Campus, Kingsville, TX, USA.

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Summary

A pharmacist-led sleep promotion order set did not significantly improve inpatient sleep quality. Further research is needed to identify optimal sleep assessment tools and strategies for hospitalized patients.

Keywords:
CQIdisease managementoutcomes research

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Area of Science:

  • Hospital Medicine
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Quality Improvement

Background:

  • Inpatient sleep is frequently disrupted by factors that can be modified.
  • Non-pharmacologic interventions are recommended before pharmacologic therapies for hospital-related sleep disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if a pharmacist-initiated sleep promotion order set enhances the quality of sleep for internal medicine patients.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, before-and-after quality improvement study was conducted.
  • Pharmacists assessed patient sleep using the Modified Richards Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (mRCSQ) before and after implementing a sleep promotion order set.
  • Fifty-three adult internal medicine patients receiving sleep aids were included.

Main Results:

  • The mean mRCSQ score showed no significant difference after implementing the sleep promotion order set (55.8 vs. 56.8, P=.8).
  • No significant differences were observed in individual components of the mRCSQ survey.

Conclusions:

  • The sleep promotion order set did not lead to a statistically significant improvement in patient-reported sleep quality.
  • Limitations included challenges with the mRCSQ tool, unassessed adherence, and variable timing of assessments.
  • Further investigation into appropriate sleep assessment tools for internal medicine patients is warranted, alongside continued interdisciplinary efforts to optimize hospital sleep environments.