Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance in Klebsiella: Advances in Detection Methods and Clinical Implications

Klebsiella spp. are ubiquitous gram-negative bacteria, commonly present in natural environments and as part of the human microbiota. Klebsiella is involved in the occurrence and development of many diseases, and effective antibiotics for it have attracted the attention of researchers. In recent years, its multi-drug resistance, particularly to carbapenems and β-lactam antibiotics, has posed significant challenges to clinical treatment. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the resistance mechanisms of Klebsiella, along with the enhancement of detection methods, is crucial for effectively controlling the spread of drug-resistant strains and guiding individualized clinical treatment. This paper systematically reviews the epidemiological characteristics, resistance mechanisms, detection methods, and treatment strategies of Klebsiella, aiming to provide new insights for the clinical management of this pathogen.