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Virtual Health Research Capacity Strengthening in Low- and Middle‑Income Countries: A Systematic Integrative Review.
Chelsea M McGuire1,2, Nikolina Boskovic3, Bolatito Betty Fatusin4
1Family Medicine Specialty Training Program, Lesotho‑Boston Health Alliance, Leribe, Lesotho.
Annals of Global Health
|March 17, 2025
Summary
Virtual health research capacity strengthening (HRCS) programs for clinicians in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) show promise. Key facilitators include user-friendly platforms and interactive content, while barriers involve local research culture.
Area of Science:
- Global Health
- Medical Education
- Health Systems Strengthening
Background:
- Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) require effective strategies for health research capacity strengthening (HRCS).
- Clinicians are key participants in HRCS, yet evidence on virtual programs targeting them in LMICs is lacking.
- Virtual HRCS programs have become more prevalent, necessitating a review of their effectiveness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the utilization of virtual tools in HRCS programs for clinicians in LMICs.
- To describe the impacts, facilitators, and barriers associated with these virtual HRCS programs.
- To provide evidence-based recommendations for designing and implementing future virtual HRCS initiatives.
Main Methods:
- An integrative review methodology was employed, adhering to a pre-defined protocol (PROSPERO; CRD42020152510).
- Cooke's Research Capacity Development for Impact framework was adapted to include 'equity' as a new domain for impact evaluation.
- Data were extracted from five databases and gray literature, analyzed using content analysis, NVivo, and constant comparison until theoretical saturation.
Main Results:
- Out of 1397 articles, 58 met inclusion criteria; most programs were hybrid, with e-courses being the most common virtual tool.
- Impacts were observed across all framework domains, with skills and confidence building being most frequently reported.
- Facilitators included user-friendly platforms, interactive content, and support for access; barriers included unfavorable local research cultures.
Conclusions:
- Virtual HRCS programs for LMIC clinicians can be enhanced by careful participant selection and intentional program design.
- Incorporating equity as a programmatic target and ensuring longitudinal evaluation are crucial for program success.
- Comprehensive conceptualization of program sustainability and utilizing needs assessments or pilots are recommended.
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