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Effects of Kanamycin on Hearing and Vestibular Function in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients

Prakash Kumar Koirala1, Sushma Kashyap2, Hari Shankar Sharma2

  • 1Respiratory Medicine, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102 India.

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
|March 17, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Kanamycin treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) can cause hearing loss and balance problems. Regular monitoring for auditory and vestibular function is crucial for patients receiving this antibiotic.

Area of Science:

  • Ototoxicology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Kanamycin is a critical antibiotic for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).
  • Aminoglycoside antibiotics, including kanamycin, are known for potential ototoxicity.
  • Ototoxicity can manifest as hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ototoxic effects of kanamycin on auditory and vestibular function in MDR-TB patients.
  • To assess the incidence of Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL), dizziness, and tinnitus associated with kanamycin treatment.
  • To identify the need for monitoring auditory and vestibular health in MDR-TB patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of MDR-TB patients received kanamycin treatment.
  • Auditory and vestibular function were assessed using interviews, tuning fork tests, and Pure Tone Audiometry.
  • Assessments were conducted before and after kanamycin treatment.

Main Results:

  • Kanamycin use was significantly associated with Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL).
  • A substantial proportion of patients reported dizziness and tinnitus post-treatment.
  • The study identified a link between kanamycin and adverse auditory and vestibular outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Kanamycin treatment for MDR-TB is associated with significant risks of ototoxicity, including SNHL and vestibular symptoms.
  • Routine auditory and vestibular monitoring is recommended for MDR-TB patients undergoing kanamycin therapy.
  • Further research is needed to mitigate kanamycin-induced ototoxicity and explore alternative treatments.
Keywords:
Gangtok districtHearing lossKanamycinSikkim and multidrug-resistant tuberculosisVestibular changes

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