Relationship between ghrelin and thyroid disease: a meta-analysis

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Metabolic Research

Background:

• The relationship between ghrelin and thyroid disease is debated, with some studies showing lower ghrelin in hyperthyroidism and others reporting inconsistent findings.
• Previous research indicates ghrelin levels may increase after hyperthyroidism treatment, but conclusive evidence is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and meta-analyze existing literature on the association between ghrelin levels and thyroid disease.
• To clarify the role of ghrelin in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases including Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Embase, and PubMed.
• Studies were identified using keywords
• thyroid
• and
• ghrelin
• . Meta-analysis was performed to calculate standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Main Results:

• Twenty-three studies were included. Hyperthyroid patients had significantly lower ghrelin levels (SMD: -1.03, 95% CI [-1.75, 0.32]) compared to healthy individuals.
• Ghrelin levels significantly increased after effective treatment for hyperthyroidism (SMD: 0.77, 95% CI [0.03, 1.51]).
• Ghrelin levels were higher, though not significantly, in hypothyroidism patients versus controls (SMD: 0.48, 95% CI [-0.13, 1.08]).

Conclusions:

• This meta-analysis provides evidence for altered ghrelin levels in thyroid disease, particularly hyperthyroidism.
• Understanding ghrelin's role is crucial for comprehending thyroid disease pathophysiology and symptoms.