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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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Relationship between ghrelin and thyroid disease: a meta-analysis.

Caihong Xin1, Jiayi Yao2, Huijuan Li2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|March 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Ghrelin levels are lower in hyperthyroidism and increase post-treatment, but the association with hypothyroidism is unclear. This meta-analysis clarifies ghrelin

Keywords:
ghrelinhyperthyroidismhypothyroidismmeta - analysisthyroid disease

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • The relationship between ghrelin and thyroid disease is debated, with some studies showing lower ghrelin in hyperthyroidism and others reporting inconsistent findings.
  • Previous research indicates ghrelin levels may increase after hyperthyroidism treatment, but conclusive evidence is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze existing literature on the association between ghrelin levels and thyroid disease.
  • To clarify the role of ghrelin in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases including Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Embase, and PubMed.
  • Studies were identified using keywords
  • thyroid
  • and
  • ghrelin
  • . Meta-analysis was performed to calculate standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Main Results:

  • Twenty-three studies were included. Hyperthyroid patients had significantly lower ghrelin levels (SMD: -1.03, 95% CI [-1.75, 0.32]) compared to healthy individuals.
  • Ghrelin levels significantly increased after effective treatment for hyperthyroidism (SMD: 0.77, 95% CI [0.03, 1.51]).
  • Ghrelin levels were higher, though not significantly, in hypothyroidism patients versus controls (SMD: 0.48, 95% CI [-0.13, 1.08]).

Conclusions:

  • This meta-analysis provides evidence for altered ghrelin levels in thyroid disease, particularly hyperthyroidism.
  • Understanding ghrelin's role is crucial for comprehending thyroid disease pathophysiology and symptoms.