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Evaluating Physiological and Hormonal Responses of Two Distinct Rice Genotypes Under High Temperatures.

Xiaoyu Qi1,2, Weicai Jin3, Wenhao Zhong3

  • 1College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

High temperatures harm rice yield. This study shows a heat-tolerant rice (HTR-1) maintains antioxidant activity and anther function, unlike sensitive varieties, offering a path to climate-resilient crops.

Keywords:
APXabscisic acid (ABA)anthesisfloweringhydrogen peroxidespikelet fertility

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Climate Change Adaptation
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Climate change-induced high temperatures threaten global rice productivity, particularly during the critical anthesis stage.
  • Understanding genotypic variations in physiological and biochemical responses to heat stress is crucial for developing climate-resilient rice varieties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and confirm the physiological and hormonal mechanisms underlying high-temperature tolerance in contrasting rice genotypes (HTR-1 and HTS-5).
  • To validate HTR-1 as a valuable genetic resource for breeding heat-tolerant rice.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of morphological, physiological, and biochemical markers in HTR-1 and HTS-5 under control and high-temperature stress (38°C for 6 hours).
  • Evaluation of antioxidant enzyme activity, oxidative damage markers (hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde), and key gene transcript levels (APX, CATA, CATB).
  • Hormonal profiling of anthers, focusing on abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).

Main Results:

  • HTR-1 demonstrated superior heat tolerance, characterized by enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, higher anther dehiscence, and reduced oxidative damage compared to HTS-5.
  • HTS-5 showed increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels, with suppressed antioxidant enzyme activity.
  • High transcript levels of antioxidant genes (OsAPX1-4, OsCATA, OsCATB) confirmed robust antioxidant capacity in HTR-1.
  • Elevated ABA levels in HTS-5 anthers, alongside increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggest a link to heat-induced sterility.

Conclusions:

  • The study validates the physiological and biochemical mechanisms conferring high-temperature resilience in rice, particularly highlighting the role of antioxidant defense and hormonal balance.
  • HTR-1 is confirmed as a promising genetic resource for breeding heat-tolerant rice varieties, crucial for maintaining food security under climate change.
  • Findings provide practical insights for selecting heat-resilient rice genotypes to mitigate yield losses in a changing climate.