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Evolution of ribosomal RNA.

H Ishikawa1

  • 1Department of Biology, College of General Education, University of Tokyo, Japan.

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B, Comparative Biochemistry
|January 1, 1977
PubMed
Summary

Animal ribosomal RNA (rRNA) G+C content correlates with maturation time. Deuterostomes possess distinct 28S rRNA lacking a central break, unlike most Protostomes, with exceptions noted in aphids and nematodes.

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Nucleotide sequence and presumed secondary structure of the internal transcribed spacers of rDNA of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum.

Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry·1992

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is crucial for protein synthesis and evolves under pressure to conserve its structure.
  • Variations in rRNA molecular weight and base composition can provide insights into evolutionary relationships and organelle origins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between animal ribosomal RNA G+C content and organism maturation periods.
  • To examine the evolutionary conservation and structural variations of 18S and 28S rRNA across different animal taxa.
  • To explore the implications of rRNA molecular properties for understanding endosymbiotic events.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of G+C content in animal ribosomal RNA.
  • Molecular weight determination of 18S and 28S rRNA molecules.
  • Comparative analysis of rRNA structural features, including hidden breaks.

Main Results:

  • A correlation was observed between the G+C content of animal ribosomal RNA and the duration of organism maturation periods.
  • Protostomes generally exhibit conserved 28S rRNA, while Deuterostomes are characterized by 28S rRNA lacking a central hidden break.
  • Exceptions were noted in aphids and nematodes, Protostomes with 28S rRNA lacking the hidden break, suggesting evolutionary adaptations.
  • Chloroplast rRNA molecular properties support an endosymbiotic origin, and mitochondrial rRNA shows significant divergence from prokaryotic rRNA.

Conclusions:

  • Ribosomal RNA G+C content serves as a potential molecular clock for estimating animal maturation times.
  • The presence or absence of a hidden break in 28S rRNA can distinguish between Deuterostomes and most Protostomes.
  • Specific Protostomes exhibit unique rRNA structures, highlighting evolutionary flexibility and adaptation.

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