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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

141
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
141
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

126
Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
126
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

141
Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
141
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

124
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...
124
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

121
Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme...
121
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

156
Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
156

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2025

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
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A Non-Invasive Approach to Pulmonary Hypertension.

Dalma Horvat1, Rares Ilie Orzan1, Lucia Agoston-Coldea1,2

  • 12nd Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2-4 Clinicilor, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|March 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Advanced non-invasive imaging, including 4D-flow cardiac MRI, offers detailed insights into pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular function. These techniques are crucial for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring PH, improving patient care beyond traditional methods.

Keywords:
cardiac magnetic resonancenon-invasive imagingpulmonary hypertensionright ventricle-pulmonary artery unit

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Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment for the Right Ventricular System and Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe condition leading to right ventricular failure and death.
  • Right heart catheterization is invasive; non-invasive imaging is increasingly preferred for PH assessment.
  • Current non-invasive methods like 2D echocardiography have limitations in evaluating PH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advanced non-invasive imaging techniques for pulmonary hypertension (PH).
  • To highlight the role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in PH evaluation.
  • To discuss the benefits of 4D-flow CMR for detailed hemodynamic analysis in PH.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on advanced non-invasive imaging for PH.
  • Focus on echocardiography (2D and 3D) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).
  • Emphasis on 4D-flow CMR for detailed hemodynamic and flow pattern assessment.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac MRI provides comprehensive morphological and hemodynamic data for the right ventricle-pulmonary artery system.
  • 4D-flow CMR allows detailed analysis of flow patterns, energetics, and wall shear stress in PH.
  • Advanced imaging offers a more nuanced understanding of PH pathophysiology compared to standard methods.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced non-invasive imaging, particularly CMR, is vital for PH diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring.
  • 4D-flow CMR enhances the detailed assessment of hemodynamics and disease severity in PH.
  • These techniques are crucial for improving the management of patients with pulmonary hypertension.