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External knee joint design based on normal motion.

P S Walker, H Kurosawa, J S Rovick

    Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Replicating natural knee motion in external braces reduces forces and improves ligament protection. This study analyzed knee geometry and motion to design advanced knee brace joints for better patient outcomes.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Orthopedic Engineering
    • Human Motion Analysis

    Background:

    • Accurate reproduction of knee motion in external joint assemblies offers significant benefits, including reduced pistoning forces, enhanced ligament protection, and improved kinematic compatibility.
    • Understanding the complex geometry and kinematics of the normal human knee is crucial for designing effective external joint systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the geometry and kinematics of the normal human knee.
    • To apply these findings to the design of external joint systems for knee braces.
    • To develop an external joint system that mimics average knee motion during flexion.

    Main Methods:

    • Geometric analysis of the posterior femoral condyles using sagittal plane radiographs to establish an axis system.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Determination of knee kinematics (Eulerian rotations and displacements) as a function of flexion angle in 14 cadavers and 8 volunteers.
  • Normalization and averaging of kinematic data to represent average knee motion.

    • Main Results:

    • The posterior femoral condyles exhibit spherical geometry, allowing for 3D orientation determination via radiographs.
    • Average knee motion during flexion includes internal tibial rotation, varus rotation, and posterior tibial translation.
    • An external joint system was designed based on these kinematic findings.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed external joint system accurately mimics average knee motion during flexion.
    • Clinical evaluation of knee braces incorporating these joints is underway.
    • Potential applications extend to cast bracing and hinge distraction devices.