Study on the Consistency of Elements in 1-1-3-Type Piezoelectric Composite Materials

This study introduces a novel 1-1-3-type piezoelectric array structure and investigates variations in the piezoelectric phase's volume fraction. Its performance and consistency are compared with that of a conventional 1-3-type piezoelectric array of identical volume fraction. Finite element analysis was applied to study the effects of the positions of the elements in 1-1-3-type and 1-3-type piezoelectric arrays on the electrical conductivity curves, as well as the differences in vibration modes. To validate the theoretical models, experimental fabrication and testing were performed, and we developed a high-precision testing fixture designed to minimize experimental errors. The results demonstrate that the resonance frequency fluctuations in the 1-1-3-type piezoelectric array are maintained within 1%, and conductance fluctuations within 13.4%, significantly enhancing consistency compared to the 1-3-type array. Furthermore, the electromechanical coupling coefficient of the 1-1-3 array was also found to be superior to that of the 1-3-type, indicating improved performance parameters.