Epidemiological profile of kidney cancer in Brazil: a multiregional ecological study

Renal neoplasia is a complex and heterogeneous disease, characterized by high morbidity and mortality.

To analyze the temporal trend of hospitalization rates (HRs) for renal neoplasia in Brazil, segmented by region, states (UFs, Unidades da Federação in Portuguese), and population characteristics, from 2013 to 2023.

Ecological study using data from the Hospital Information System, by analyzing Hospital Admission Authorizations, covering the period from 2013 to 2023. The annual trend of HRs was analyzed using generalized linear regression with the Prais-Winsten method by calculating the Annual Percentage Change (APC), considering sex, age, race/color, and region/state (UF). A significance level of 5% was adopted for the analyses.

A total of 31,388 hospitalizations for renal neoplasia were recorded in Brazil during the period, showing a significant upward trend in HRs (APC: 9.12; 95%CI: 5.30; 13.1; p < 0.001). The increase was observed in both sexes and in all regions. Among the states, most showed stationary trends. The highest average HRs were identified among young elderly individuals (3.31/100,000) and long-lived elderly individuals (2.51/100,000).

HRIs due to renal neoplasia in Brazil showed a significant upward trend between 2013 and 2023, with regional variations, a predominance in males, and a higher incidence in the over-60 age group.