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Updated: May 21, 2025

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Innovative Binocular Vision Testing for Phoria and Vergence Ranges Using Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prisms.

Hui-Rong Su1, Yu-Jung Chen1, Yun-Shao Hu2

  • 1Ph.D. Program of Electrical and Communications Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Automatic dual rotational Risley prisms (ADRRPs) show strong correlation with traditional phoropter methods for measuring binocular vision. While promising for assessing phoria and vergence, ADRRPs require further validation for clinical use.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Optometry
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Binocular visual function assessment is crucial for diagnosing and managing various eye conditions.
  • Traditional methods for measuring phoria and vergence ranges, such as using a phoropter with Maddox rods, are well-established.
  • The development of new, potentially more efficient or automated, assessment tools is ongoing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of automatic dual rotational Risley prisms (ADRRPs) in measuring binocular visual function.
  • To compare the measurements of phoria and vergence ranges obtained using ADRRPs with those from a conventional phoropter.
  • To assess the correlation and agreement between the two measurement methods.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-nine healthy adults with normal binocular vision participated in the study.
Keywords:
automatic dual rotational Risley prisms (ADRRPs)binocular visual functionnegative fusional vergence (NFV)phoropterpositive fusional vergence (PFV)vergence ranges

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  • Participants underwent baseline refraction, followed by phoria and vergence range testing using both a phoropter and ADRRPs.
  • Statistical analyses included correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman analysis to evaluate agreement between the instruments.

    • Main Results:

    • Strong positive correlations were found between ADRRPs and the phoropter for both distance and near phoria measurements (r > 0.95, p < 0.001).
    • Moderate-to-strong correlations were observed for vergence testing (positive and negative fusional vergence) break and recovery points at distance and near (r ranging from 0.45 to 0.86).
    • Bland-Altman analysis indicated systematic bias and limits of agreement, suggesting the methods are not perfectly interchangeable.

    Conclusions:

    • ADRRPs show significant potential as a tool for assessing binocular visual function, demonstrating high correlation with established methods.
    • Despite strong correlations, the observed biases suggest that ADRRPs may not be a direct substitute for phoropter measurements in all clinical scenarios.
    • Further research and validation are necessary to establish the clinical utility and reliability of ADRRPs for routine eye examinations.