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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
107

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Related Experiment Video

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Simultaneous Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Phase-lagged tACS between executive and default mode networks modulates working memory.

Jeehye Seo1, Dongha Lee2, Dimitrios Pantazis3,4

  • 1Institute of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.

Scientific Reports
|March 18, 2025
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Summary

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) enhances working memory by modulating brain network activity. This non-invasive technique shows phase-dependent effects on cognitive performance and brain function.

Keywords:
Central-executive networkCross-frequency couplingDefault-mode networkNon-invasive neuromodulationTranscranial alternating current stimulationWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuromodulation

Background:

  • Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques like tACS are crucial for understanding and enhancing cognitive functions.
  • The interplay between the central executive network (CEN) and default mode network (DMN) is vital for cognitive tasks, particularly working memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of cross-frequency coupled tACS with specific phase lags on working-memory performance.
  • To explore the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying tACS-induced cognitive enhancement using fMRI.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to monitor brain activity during tACS.
  • A cross-frequency coupled tACS protocol with phase lags of 45 and 180 degrees was applied between the CEN and DMN.

Main Results:

  • tACS demonstrated phase-dependent modulation of working-memory task performance.
  • Significant alterations in hippocampal activation and task-related functional connectivity were observed, correlating with tACS parameters.

Conclusions:

  • tACS can effectively modulate cognitive functions, such as working memory, in a non-invasive manner.
  • The study provides a neurophysiological basis for tACS, highlighting its potential for targeted brain stimulation and cognitive enhancement.