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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
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Antihistamines are a class of drugs widely used to alleviate the symptoms of allergies, such as sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion. They work by inhibiting the actions of histamine, which is released by immune cells in response to allergenic substances or tissue injuries.
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[Systemic treatment of allergies].

Petra Staubach1, Yalda Ghoreishi2, Nicola Wagner3,4

  • 1Hautklinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland. petra.staubach@unimedizin-mainz.de.

Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany)
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Common childhood allergic diseases like allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria require prompt diagnosis. Differentiating histamine-induced angioedema from hereditary angioedema (HAE) is crucial for appropriate treatment and management.

Keywords:
AllergyAngioedemaEosinophilic esophagitisMast cell-mediated diseasesPediatric systemic therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Immunology
  • Dermatology

Context:

  • Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma bronchiale, urticaria, and angioedema are prevalent allergic conditions in children.
  • Histamine-induced angioedema symptoms can overlap with bradykinin-dependent angioedema, particularly in hereditary angioedema (HAE) presentations in childhood.
  • Accurate differential diagnosis is essential for effective management of pediatric allergic diseases.

Purpose:

  • To review current therapeutic strategies for prevalent allergic diseases in childhood.
  • To highlight the importance of differentiating histamine-induced angioedema from hereditary angioedema (HAE) in pediatric patients.
  • To discuss diagnostic considerations and treatment options for various allergic conditions, including HAE, IgE-mediated allergies, and eosinophilic esophagitis.

Summary:

  • Symptomatic treatment for common childhood allergies includes antihistamines, corticosteroids, and omalizumab for IgE-mediated conditions.
  • Hereditary angioedema (HAE) requires specific management for acute attacks and prophylaxis, distinct from histamine-induced angioedema.
  • Specific immunotherapy (SCIT) for aeroallergen and insect venom allergies, alongside treatments for eosinophilic esophagitis (e.g., dietary changes, PPIs, corticosteroids, dupilumab), are discussed.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for pediatric allergic diseases.
  • Emphasizes the critical distinction between different types of angioedema for appropriate patient care.
  • Informs clinicians on timely and specific interventions, including immunotherapy and novel treatments, improving outcomes for allergic conditions in children.