Clinical education: nursing students' experiences with multisource feedback using a digital assessment instrument in...

Clinical education in Emergency services (EMS) is unique due to its dynamic environment, brief patient encounters, and unpredictable cases. EMS provides valuable learning opportunities for nursing students, fostering person-centered care approaches and a variation of clinical training and learning. Formative feedback is crucial to develop knowledge and skills. Multisource feedback (MSF) offers a comprehensive assessment by incorporating feedback from various individuals, promoting self-reflection and targeted learning. MSF has not, to our knowledge, been systematically evaluated in the context of EMS, and therefore, the aim of the study was to describe nursing students' experiences with MSF during their clinical education in the EMS, using a digital instrument as a facilitating tool.

A qualitative design with an inductive approach was used. Data were collected in 2021, using focus group interviews (n = 4) with 31 final-semester nursing students in Stockholm, Sweden, who had conducted clinical education in the EMS and received MSF through a digital instrument. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, guided by Braun and Clarke's methodology.

Three themes revealed: feedback from sources familiar with the student's learning objectives, feedback from sources unfamiliar with the learning objectives, and general perceptions of MSF in the EMS. Students valued self-reflection and feedback from peers and supervisors for personal and professional growth. Patient feedback was challenging due to their limited contextual understanding and emotional states, while feedback from other healthcare professionals was appreciated but hindered by the healthcare professionals' workload and timing constraints. Overall, students appreciated MSF's diverse perspectives, enriching their learning, performance, and development.

This study underscores the value of MSF in nursing students' clinical education within the EMS. Feedback from peers, supervisors, and self-reflection enhances self-awareness, professional growth, and mutual support. Despite challenges like stress and logistical barriers, structured support and a digital instrument improved accessibility and alignment with learning objectives for the students. Incorporating patient and healthcare professionals' feedback enriches education by promoting patient-centred care and collaboration. MSF supported reflective practice, and team dynamics and highlights the need for refined feedback processes to optimize learning and professional development for nursing students during clinical education.